도시 데이터 비교를 위한 표준 제정

도시의 정책 입안자들은 전 세계 도시들과 자신의 도시들의 서비스 및 성능에 대하여 객관적으로 비교하기를 원하고 있다. 이와 매한가지로 도시민과 비지니스 기관 들도 같은 기준으로 국제적 비교를 하기를 원하고 있다. 이와 같은 도시간 비교를 위하여 제네바의 International Organization for Standardization는 도시간 데이터 비교를 위한 표준을 발표하였다. 46개의 도시 현황 자료 기준이 제시되었으며, 새로운 ISO 표준 ISO 37120으로 등록될 예정이다.

   ISO는 오픈 데이터 경향에 동참할 모습을 보이고 있다. 도시 정부는 법적으로 ISO의 기준에 의하여 자료를 제출하여야 하는 것은 아니다. 그러나 정보의 공개를 꺼리는 모습을 보이는 것에는 부담감을 느낄 것이다. 이들 데이터 기준은 다음과 같다.

Economy

• City’s unemployment rate
• Assessed value of commercial and industrial properties as a percentage of total assessed value of all properties
• Percentage of city population living in poverty

Education

• Percentage of female school-aged population enrolled in school
• Percentage of students completing primary education
• Percentage of students completing secondary education
• Primary education student/teacher ratio

Energy

• Total residential electrical use per capita (kWh/year)
• Percentage of city population with authorized electrical service
• Energy consumption of public buildings per year (kWh/m2)
• Percentage of total energy derived from renewable sources, as a share of the city’s total energy consumption

Environment

• Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration
• Particulate matter (PM10) concentration
• Greenhouse gas emissions measured in tonnes per capita

Finance

• Debt service ratio (debt service expenditure as a percent of a municipality’s own-source revenue)

​​Fire and emergency response

• Number of firefighters per 100 000 population
• Number of fire related deaths per 100 000 population
• Number of natural disaster-related deaths per 100 000 population 

Governance

• Voter participation in last municipal election (as a percentage of eligible voters)
• Women as a percentage of total elected to city-level office

Health

• Average life expectancy
• Number of in-patient hospital beds per 100 000 population
• Number of physicians per 100 000 population
• Under age five mortality per 1 000 live births

Safety

• Number of police officers per 100 000 population
• Number of homicides per 100 000 population

Shelter

• Percentage of city population living in slums

Solid waste

• Percentage of city population with regular solid waste collection (residential)
• Total collected municipal solid waste per capita
• Percentage of city’s solid waste that is recycled

Telecommunication and Innovation

• Number of internet connections per 100 000 population
• Number of cell phone connections per 100 000 population

Transportation

• Km of high capacity public transport system per 100 000 population
• Km of light passenger transport system per 100 000 population
• Annual number of public transport trips per capita
• Number of personal automobiles per capita

Urban Planning

• Green area (hectares) per 100 000 population

Wastewater

• Percentage of city population served by wastewater collection
• Percentage of the city’s wastewater that has received no treatment
• Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving primary treatment
• Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving secondary treatment
• Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving tertiary treatment

Water and Sanitation

• Percentage of city population with potable water supply service
• Percentage of city population with sustainable access to an improved water source
• Percentage of population with access to improved sanitation
• Total domestic water consumption per capita (litres/day)

참고문헌